PUBBLICAZIONI - SIBE - Società Internazionale di Biofisica Elettrodinamica

Greco A.
Over the past 50 years, scientific interest in electromagnetic field-biology interactions has flourished. Important experimental observations and mathematical hypotheses remain central to academic debate. Adey and Blackman found that specific electromagnetic frequencies affect calcium transport in cells. To explain this phenomenon, Liboff introduced ion cyclotron resonance-like (ICR-like) theory, proposing a specific mechanism for ion modulation. Preparata and Del Giudice introduced quantum electrodynamics (QED), offering controversial quantum-level explanations that complement classical models. Lucia and NASA contributed further with thermomagnetic resonance and experimental observations. Together, these hypotheses have partially clarified how weak electromagnetic fields interact with cells and suggest possible parallel endogenous mechanisms. The aim of this narrative review is to provide a clear and logical framework for understanding biological events, both those that arise naturally within biology and those that can be initiated externally through the application of electromagnetic fields. As electromagnetism constitutes one of the four fundamental forces, this interaction warrants rigorous scientific scrutiny.

Kierra P, Alessandro G, Alberto G, Danielle R.
Background/Objectives: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders marked by challenges in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors. People with ASD may exhibit repetitive behaviors, unique ways of learning, and different ways of interacting with the world. The term “spectrum” reflects the wide variability in how ASD manifests in individuals, including differences in abilities, symptoms, and support needs, and conditions characterized by difficulties in social interactions, communication, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors. Inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology, with increased pro-inflammatory cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid. Previous studies with transcranial magnetic stimulation have shown promising results, suggesting nervous system susceptibility to electromagnetic fields, with evidence indicating that extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) treatment may modulate inflammatory responses through multiple pathways, including the reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-6 and TNF-α, and the enhancement of anti-inflammatory mediators. Methods: This pilot study included 20 children (ages 2–13) with a confirmed diagnosis of ASD. A 15-week protocol involved ELF-EMF treatments using the SEQEX device, with specific day and night programs. Assessment was conducted through standardized pre- and post-treatment tests: Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-4, Expressive One Word Picture Vocabulary Test-4, and Conner’s 3GI. Results: Statistically significant improvements were observed in receptive language (PPVT-4: from 74.07 to 90.40, p = 0.002) and expressive language (EOWPVT-4: from 84.17 to 90.50, p = 0.041). Notable reductions, with statistical significance, were found in externalizing problems across both age groups (1.5–5 years: p = 0.028; 6–18 years: p = 0.027), with particular improvement in attention and behavioral problems. The results were observed over a short period of 15 weeks, therefore excluding the possibility of coincidental age-related gains, that would typically occur during a normal developmental timeframe. Parent evaluations showed significant reduction in ASD symptoms, particularly in the 1.5–5 years group (p = 0.046). Conclusions: ELF-EMF treatment demonstrated a high safety profile and efficacy in mitigating ASD-related symptoms. The observed improvements suggest both direct effects on central and autonomic nervous systems and indirect effects through inflammatory response modulation. Further studies are needed to confirm these promising results through broader demographics and randomized control designs.

Friscia M, Abbate V, De Fazio GR, Sani L, Spinelli R, Troise S, Bonavolontà P, Committeri U, Califano L, Dell’Aversana Orabona G.
Purpose: PEMF (pulsed electromagnetic fields) founds application in several medical fields to accelerate bone wounds healing and to reduce inflammation. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of PEMF in reducing postoperative swelling and pain in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery.
Methods: A prospective observational monocentric study was conducted on a sample of 30 patients undergone to orthognathic surgery in Maxillofacial Surgery Unit of University of Naples Federico II. The patients who followed these inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study: age ≥ 18 years, Class III malocclusion, Surgical procedure of Le Fort I osteotomy + Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomy (BSSO), Written informed consent. Patients were divided into two groups: Group SD) postoperative standard treatment with medical therapy and cryotherapy, Group SD + PEMF) postoperative standard therapy + PEMF. Each patient underwent a 3D facial scan, at one (1d) and four (4d) days after surgery to compare the swelling reduction. The pain score was assessed through VAS score and analgesics administration amount.
Results: In SD + PEMF group, the facial volume reduction between 1d and 4d scan was on average 56.2 ml (6.23%), while in SD group, it was 23.6 ml (2.63%). The difference between the two groups was 3.6% (p = 0.0168). VAS pain values were significantly higher in SD group compared to SD + PEMF group in the second day after surgery (P = 0.021) and in the total 4 days (P = 0.008).
Conclusions: Our data suggest that PEMF is valid tool to promote faster postoperative swelling and pain reduction in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery.

’Agostino I, Marelli F
Background: This study investigated the effects of sequenced electromagnetic fields, modulated at extremely low frequencies and intensities, in the treatment of drug-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli)-induced chronic bacterial cystitis.
Methods: A total of 148 female participants, aged 18 to 80 years diagnosed with chronic bacterial cystitis caused by drug-resistant E. coli, were recruited for this study. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: an experimental group (n = 74) with osteopathic palpation and assessment treated with a sequence of electromagnetic fields, and a control group (n = 74) receiving a placebo treatment. Both groups were assessed at this study’s outset, 4 weeks after eight applications, and at 12 weeks for symptomatic presentation and laboratory parameters.
Results: After 4 weeks of treatment, a significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding D-DIMER levels, IL-6 levels, erythrocyte levels, leukocyte levels, and E. coli levels (p < 0.001). By the 12th week, the experimental group continued to exhibit a significant reduction in the examined parameters compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Additionally, the treatment did not induce any side effects in the patients in the experimental group.
Conclusions: Treatment with coherently sequenced electromagnetic fields, modulated at an extremely low frequency and intensity, not only appears to provide an effective alternative for the symptoms of chronic bacterial cystitis caused by drug-resistant E. coli but also demonstrates a potent antibacterial effect.

Meccariello L, Bello AI, Bove G, Gagliardo N, Raffaele D, Matera L.
Aim To investigate whether the use of ion resonance and bromelain-vitamin C or bromelain-vitamin C is the best to prevent ankle complications in post operative bimalleolar surgery. Methods A total of 61 patients treated with bimalleolar surgery were enrolled. The patients were divided into three groups: the first group (n=22) treated only with the surgery, the second group (n=18) treated by ion resonance and bromelain-vitamin C, and the third group (n=21) was treated with bromelain-vitamin C. All patients in the second and third group underwent adjuvant therapy for 50 days. The criteria to evaluate the three groups during the clinical and radiological follow-up were as follows: complications and soft tissue status. Bone healing measured by the Radiographic Union Score Ankle (RUSA), and functional results were evaluated according to the American Foot & Ankle Score (AFAS). Results In the first group nine (out of 22; 40.90%) patients developed complications, in the second group three (out of 18; 16.67%) and in the third group seven (out of 21; 33.33%) presented complications. There is no statistical difference between the three groups regarding the type of fractures, mean age, gender ratio. The worst radiographic and stiffness results in the first group were found (p=0.006). The second group showed better bone healing (p=0.049), better performance in functional recovery measured by AFAS (p=0.039). Conclusion Ion resonance and bromelain-vitamin C group showed better outcomes to improve the functional outcome; it allows reduction of complications, consequently, an early return to quality life, and a corresponding improvement of the quality of life.

Goldshmit Y, Shalom M, Ruban A
Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) pathology includes both primary and secondary events. The primary injury includes the original traumatic event, and the secondary injury, beginning immediately after the initial injury, involves progressive neuroinflammation, neuronal excitotoxicity, gliosis, and degeneration. Currently, there is no effective neuroprotective treatment for SCI. However, an accumulating body of data suggests that PELF-EMF has beneficial therapeutic effects on neurotrauma. The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of the PELF-EMF SEQEX device using a compression SCI mouse model. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were exposed to PELF-EMF for 4 h on a daily basis for two months, beginning 2 h after a mild-moderate compression SCI. Results: The PELF-EMF treatment significantly diminished inflammatory cell infiltration and astrocyte activation by reducing Iba1, F4/80, CD68+ cells, and GAFP at the lesion borders, and increased pro-survival signaling, such as BDNF, on the neuronal cells. Moreover, the treatment exhibited a neuroprotective effect by reducing the demyelination of the axons of the white matter at the lesion’s center. Conclusions: Treatment with SEQEX demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Considering our results, this safe and effective rehabilitative device, already available on the market, may provide a major therapeutic asset in the treatment of SCI.

Irit Markus ,Evyatar Ohayon,Keren Constantini, Keren Geva-Kleinberger, Rawan Ibrahim, Angela Ruban, Yftach Gepner
Previous investigations have demonstrated the therapeutic advantages of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) in mitigating inflammation and influencing biological processes. We aimed to shed light on the effects of ELF-EMF on recovery rate following high-intensity exercise. Nine male athletes (26.7 ± 6.0 years; 69.6 ± 7.7 kg, VO2peak 57.3 ± 6.8 mL/kg/min) completed five visits in a double-blinded crossover design, performing two consecutive testing days, following a ventilatory thresholds assessment. Following 62 min of high-intensity cycling, participants lay on an ELF-EMF mattress under active (A) and non-active (NA) conditions, immediately post protocol and during the night. Physical performance and blood markers were assessed at baseline and at 60 min (60 P) and 24 h (24 H) post-protocol. The A-condition demonstrated a notable reduction in interleukin-10 (IL-10) concentrations (mean difference = −88%, p = 0.032) and maximal isometric strength of the quadriceps muscles (mean difference = ~8%, p = 0.045) compared to the NA-condition between 60 P and 24 H. In a sensitivity analysis, the A-condition revealed that younger athletes who possessed lower fat mass experienced attenuated inflammation and biochemical responses and improved physical performance. In conclusion, ELF-EMF showed no significant overall effects on performance and inflammation after intense cycling among athletes. Post-hoc analysis revealed modest benefits of ELF-MLF, suggesting a context-dependent impact. Further research with a larger sample size and multiple sessions is needed to confirm the recovery potential of ELF-EMF.

Carioni G, Greco A
Introduction: Depression is an extremely widespread disorder that is also highly impactful on the quality of life and general health of individuals, on a global scale.The aim of this study was a preliminary assessment of a potential non-pharmacological treatment, based on extremely low frequency and intensity electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF), which could potentially reduce the impact of depression on the lives of sufferers.
Materials and methods: A preliminary case-control study based in 2centres was conducted during the second half of 2020.
The recruited participants were subject either to ELF-EMF treatment (Group α) or to a placebo treatment (Group β) for a total of 5 sessions. Treatment involved non-focused exposure using a radiant mat associated with focused exposure in the cranial area using the same ELF-EMF parameters. Each individual session lasted 36 min and the same ELF-EMF program was used for all 5 therapeutic sessions. The effects of treatment were evaluated by giving the subjects the following self-administration tests: Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Beck Depression Inventory Scale (BDI), and Short-Form 12 (SF12). The tests were administered before starting the treatment cycle (T0), after the 5 sessions (T1), and at a 2 month follow-up (FU).
Results: Statistical significance indicating an improvement in the depressed state perceived by the participants was achieved with both the SDS and the BDI, at T1 (T1: SDSα 37.8, SDSβ 46.6, p = 0.012; BDIα 8.7, BDIβ 20.4, p = 0.004) and persisting at FU (T1: SDSα 39.1, SDSβ 49, p = 0.037; BDIα 10, BDIβ 19.9, p = 0.04).
As regards SF12, the mental part of the test (MCS12) exhibited a significant improvement at T1in the treated group compared to the placebo (MCS12α 47.40, MCS12β 40.48, p = 0.048), but this was not confirmed at FU.
During the treatment period there were no drop-outs from the 2 groups and no adverse events were reported in the treatment group.
Conclusions: Treatment with ELF-EMF demonstrated safety and efficacy for reducing the gravity of perceived depressed state.

Greco A, Garoli A
Introduction
The central nervous system (CNS) is known to be sensitive to focused magnetic stimulation, which is now used routinely for the treatment of various disorders. Extremely Low Frequency Electro Magnetic Fields (ELF-EMF) have been used in various clinical settings and tests however, to date, little is known regarding their functional mechanisms in vivo and, in particular, as a total-body non-focused administration. The CNS acts as the first interactive organ, capable of modulating the effects of ELF-EMF treatment on living systems. This study analysed the effects of 5 different electromagnetic frequency-ranges on the CNS, by studying the endogenous response to exposure. Spectrometry was used to measure the strength of different cerebral wavebands in various brain topographies, together with a component of Z-ratio, as a comparative reference system.
Materials and methods
21 healthy subjects between 20 and 30 years of age were recruited and assessed on two different sessions, one sham day and one treatment day. The subjects were assessed during administration of 5 different ELF-EMF set-ups, using a SEQEX® device, all exposed to the same intensity of 20 μT (microtesla), with a protocol duration of 3 minutes, each using a Swipe method, with a progressive increase of 0.1 Hz. The setup range was devised as follows:
• 1-3 Hz (δ)
• 4-8 Hz (θ)
• 9-13 Hz (α)
• 15-29 Hz (β)
• 31-56 Hz (γ)
A 14 channel EEG device was used to measure the cortical responses of the 21 subjects during stimulation.
Results
The response to the different electromagnetic stimulation set-ups varied, with activation of different brain derivations observed in EEG. In general, response was greater under stimulation within the δ range at 1-3 Hz, with a widespread increase in the band strength β (p < 0.05) and a ubiquitous decrease in the Z-Ratio (p < 0.05). Responses were minimal under stimulation in the γ range at 31-56 Hz, with a limited reaction in terms of activated areas and band strength, in any case coherent with the γ range, particularly in the right hemisphere (p < 0.01). Contrary to expectations, no significant increase was observed in the α band.
Conclusions
The electrical activity of the CNS exhibits frequency dependent sensitivity to treatment with ELF-EMF. This observation, if confirmed in further studies and relevant for two main reasons: Firstly, it offers insight for an improved understanding of the mechanisms of action of ELF-EMF on complex biological systems from the perspective of preventing disorders caused by electromagnetic pollution. Secondly it creates several implications for possible integration into existing neurological and psychiatric therapeutic approaches.

Betti M, Picchi MPC, Saettoni M, Greco A
The Ion Cyclotron Resonance-like (ICR-like) phenomenon is a physical model for the ionic currents through cellular membranes obtained by application of very weak, extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF). It was proposed in 1984 by the American physicist Abraham Liboff as a hypothesis to explain the results of the physicists Adey and Blackman in their studies of these currents. Liboff postulated that the ELF-EMF applied in the experiments interacted with the geomagnetic field (GMF), inducing facilitated movement of ion species through cellular membranes and so acting as modulators for the degree of movement of the ions.
As is well known, there is still much to learn about how ELF-EMF interact with living structures. In the current state-of-art the ICR-like phenomenon represents a very valid explanation of this interaction and deserves more in-depth studies into its application in medical fields. Among these psychiatry certainly offers numerous possibilities for the application of ELF-EMF.
In recent decades psychiatric practice has undergone a revolution, shifting its operative focus from the traditional psychiatric hospitals to services dispersed within the community. New medical, social, rehabilitative, and psychotherapeutic treatment methods have been tested. Among these the use of ELF-EMF has been found to offer both great versatility and interesting potential for therapeutic use.
An emblematic example is the so-called "repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation" (rTMS). It was introduced by Anthony Barker (University of Sheffield, UK) in 1985 [1] as a non-invasive instrument to activate the motor cortex, measure its connectivity, excitability, and assess the integrity of the motor pathways. Ever since, its use in neurology, clinical neurophysiology, and psychiatry has been spreading into both research and more strictly clinical applications [2]. In the psychiatric field it has been successfully applied for various disorders, including for example:
• Treatment-resistant depression
• Depression associated with metabolic disorders
• Depression in which drugs have to be avoided (hepatic or renal insufficiency, etc.)
• Seasonal affective disorder
• Psychosis
• Negative symptoms
• Auditory hallucinations
• Obsessive-compulsive disorder
This and other examples of the application of ELF-EMF led the present authors to hypothesize that ICR-like might not only be a valid approach to psychiatric diseases, but also a good starting point to describe how ELF-EMF generate positive effects in these pathologies, and so cast new light on the physiology and psychopathology of the mind.
This article presents the results of a naturalistic observational study to assess the effectiveness of this methodology in the treatment of psychopathological disorders.
The main aim was to confirm the positive results obtained in a previous study, increasing the size of the sample set and observing the...

Greco A, Destefani A
The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) is involved in the response to various emotional stimuli like anxiety, stress, and the sense of wellbeing.
As a control system the ANS plays a variety of roles in humans, including regulation of the cardiac function, which can be studied by analyzing heart rate variability (HRV). HRV coherence has been associated with a sense of wellbeing, along with enhanced cognitive, social, and physical performance.
Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) are used in a variety of clinical areas, however very little is known to date about the functional mechanisms involved in vivo.
An interaction with the ANS is one of the possible ways in which the effects of ELF-EMF therapy are modulated in living systems.
In this single-blind study the effects on the ANS of 5 different electromagnetic configurations were analysed by measuring the HRV using a HeartMath® EmWave® Pro device.
46 healthy subjects of 20 to 30 years in age were recruited and divided into two groups (treatment group µ and control group λ). After measuring the baseline HRV coherence state (ω) the subjects in group µ were assessed during administration of 5 different ELF-EMF configurations from a SEQEX® device, all at the same intensity of 20 μT (the name attributed to the configuration is in brackets) for a duration of 3 min. each: 1-3 Hz (δ), 4-8 Hz (θ), 9-13 Hz (α), 15-29 Hz (β), and 31-56 Hz (γ). The subjects in group λ were measured in the same way and the same number of times.
The initial coherence values ω were comparable between the two groups (µ: 36%, λ: 36.39%). Under the 1-3 Hz (δ) and 15-29 Hz (β) treatment configurations, group µ had an average HRV coherence of 46.26% and 47.26% respectively, while group λ had 38.13% and 37.39% respectively, representing a significant increase in HRV coherence under treatment (pδ = 0.035 and pβ = 0.046).
The ANS appears to be sensitive in a frequency dependent manner to treatment with ELF-EMF. This is very important, if confirmed in further studies, not only for better understanding the mechanism of action of ELF-EMF on complex biological systems, but more importantly for therapeutic purposes under different levels of psychopathological discomfort like stress and anxiety, as well as for modulating perceived pain and organ dysregulation.

Greco A, Lorengo V, Malfatti N, Zanella E, Sarnella L, Sicher M, Frati I, Panza N
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a rheumatic disease that affects the joints. It is a chronic degenerative disorder of an inflammatory nature affecting joint elements (cartilage, synovia, capsule). OA is one of the most common causes of painful disorders, affecting about 10% of the general adult population and 50% of people over the age of 60 years.
One of the most widely used conservative approaches for treating pain from OA is the use of physical therapies. Among these, the use of low frequency low intensity electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) has attracted a rapid growth in interest and studies in recent years, thanks to its ease of use and the very safe nature of the treatment.
One of the most complete and widely accredited explanations for the interaction between ELF-EMF and biological systems is the Ion Cyclotron Resonance-like (ICR-like) phenomenon.
For this reason, at the Public Agency for Personal Services (PAPS) Residential Care Home (RCH) "Santa Maria" in Cles (TN, Italy), it was decided to conduct a pilot study to verify the effects of ICR-like therapy on patients affected by OA.
This observational pilot study made use of a SEQEX device to treat 10 RCH residents with OA in different an atomical areas. Treatment with ELF-EMF was administered in packets of frequencies between 40 and 80 Hz, at a field intensity of 20 µT, 3 times per week for a total period of 4 months of therapy, followed by 4 months of follow-up.
The effects were analyzed on: pain (at rest "NRS_R" and in movement "NRS_M") with assessment on the NRS scale, quality of life QoL with assessment on the SF-12 and EQ-5D scales, joint mobility, and the need for analgesic drugs in order to control pain.
The results achieved for the control of pain (NRS_R and NRS_M) were very satisfactory with a significant reduction in pain (pNRS_R = 0.024, pNRS_M = 0.048), which also persisted in follow-up (pNRS_R = 0.015, pNRS_M = 0.011).
The QoL exhibited a clear improvement during the treatment period (p = 0.041), declining during the follow-up for diverse reasons. Similarly, during the treatment cycle there was an improvement in joint mobility (in the joint treated for OA) of 75%.
The need to assume analgesic drugs was completely eliminated during the treatment cycle (p = 0.018) and persisted in follow-up.
Considering the very satisfying results, ease of use, and high level of safety, ICR-like treatment may represent a valid option for the treatment of OA pain. The figures achieved deserve to be confirmed in a larger and more highly structured study.

Bondi M, Benedini M, Zanini A, Pizzoli A
The cause of non-traumatic Avascular Necrosis of the femoral head (AVN) is unknown in a large proportion of cases. Unless diagnosed early and treated appropriately, it can progress to collapse of the femoral head leading to early degenerative arthrosis. With the advent of modern imaging techniques, AVN can be detected early. Accurate diagnosis of AVN leads to appropriate selection of effective joint-preserving treatment. Techniques aimed at preserving the femoral head, including core decompression, and vascularized/nonvascularized bone graft which are often advised for early necrosis, have shown varying clinical outcomes. For these reasons, further investigations to better understand the effectiveness of conservative treatments are warranted. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells, hyperbaric oxygen, extracorporeal shock wave therapy and pulsed magnetic fields therapy are some of the technique proposal for AVN treatment. We utilized a new Seqex therapy with total resolution of AVN in early stages.

Rossi E, Corsetti MT, Sukkar S, Poggi C.
Side effects of chemo-radiotherapy reduce the quality and also the survivability of patients. The consequent fatigue and infections, related to myelodepression, act to reduce the dose-intensity of the protocol. Late side effects of chemo-radiotherapy include secondary tumours, acute myeloid leukemias and cardiotoxicity. Side effects of chemotherapy are related to oxidative stress produced by the treatment. Oxidative stress also reduces the efficacy of the treatment. Antioxidative treatment with natural (dietetic) or chemical agents has been reported to reduce the toxicity of chemo-radiotherapy and improve the efficacy of treatment. We here report our experience with SEQEX, an electromedical device that generates Extremely Low Frequency ElectroMagnetic Fields (ELF-EMF) to produce endogenic cyclotronic ionic resonance, to reduce myelotoxicity consequent to ABVD protocol in patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Vallesi G, Raggi F, Rufini S, Gizzi S, Ercolani E, Rossi R.
We studied the effects of ion cyclotron resonance (Seqex) magnetic therapy on the blood of thirty two healthy volunteers. They received 15 treatments each 27 minutes in length, distributed over 5 weeks. The concentrations of two blood components, malondialdehyde (MDA) and cholesterol were measured in each subject, immediately before and immediately after the 15 treatments as well as one month after the final treatment. Highly significant reductions in MDA concentrations, averaging 53.8% were noted just after the 15 treatments, tending to return to the original concentrations one month later. The effect on HDL and LDL cholesterol levels were not significant. The implication of this work is that this type of therapy may be useful in dealing with oxidative stress.

Raggi F, Vallesi G, Rufini S, Gizzi S, Ercolani E, Rossi R.
Knowledge about the relationship between exposure to extremely low-frequency (ELF) EMF and formation (or neutralization) of free radicals in the living cells is limited. Studies performed on animals and plants have shown conflicting effects on the relation between EMF and oxidative stress. Very few experiments have been performed on humans. The present study reports on the effects of an ELF magnetic therapy device (Seqex) on oxidative scale in humans. This device supplies complex magnetic signals with specific choices of frequency, intensity, and shape that are based on Liboff's ion cyclotron resonance hypothesis. Thirty-two healthy volunteers were treated using the Seqex cycle. A quantitative determination of oxidative stress was obtained at three time points by measuring Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in peripheral blood before and after the cycle and one month following completion of the cycle. A highly significant reduction in mean MDA (53.8%, p = 0.0002) was found at the end of the treatment. One month later the mean MDA had again risen, but there was still a significant overall reduction of 15.6% (p = 0.010) compared to original values.

Santi C, Turco A
This case report regards the clinical history of a 42 year old man, (Mr. T.) born in Egypt afflicted with motoneuron syndrome, also called ALS (amyotrophic lateral syndrome). An EMG (electromyography) will be done to confirm a change in the clinical situation.
The positive clinical response to the cyclotronic ion resonance therapy and the total absence of side effects suggest that we continue the treatment and revise the impedance measurements every two weeks. NO ABSTRACT ON PUBMED

Ciafaloni A.
A total of 143 patients suffering various musculoskeletal disorders including rheumatoid arthritis, arthritis, osteoporosis, and post-surgical discomfort were subjected to ELF magnetic treatments using the Seqex device. A clear trend in pain reduction was observed over the 10 treatment regimen as well as a stabilization of relevant lab tests, including cholesterol level and blood pressure. Improvements were also noted in posturometric footboard tests. An additional 20 patients with various neuromuscular difficulties were treated with Seqex as well as magentic "concentrators" for periods ranging from 3 to 10 treatments. Similar improvements in pain reduction were observed in this smaller group.

In this preliminary work, 15 patients with valgus and 20 patients with chronic arthritis of the hands (8 patients) and of the feet (12 patients) were studied with clinical examination and radiography. Another 2 patients with tendon-synovitis of the wrist were enrolled. NO ABSTRACT ON PUBMED

Crescentini F.
The autistic syndrome is a multigenic disease whose expression is different according to the level of involvement of different structures in the central nervous system. The pathogenesis is unknown. No completely effective medical therapy has yet been demonstrated. Accepting the request of the families of eight autistic children in Lomazzo, Milan and Naples, we used ion cyclotron resonance (Seqex therapy) therapeutic support after many other therapies had been already carried out on these patients. After regimens consisting of 20-30 treatments with ICR, improvements were noted in all cases.

Mancuso M, Ghezzi V, Di Fede G.
We present three examples of the use of ELF magnetic therapy, two cases of multiple sclerosis and one of chronic pulmonary disease. In each of the two MS cases the Seqex device was applied as an adjunct to antioxidant medication two times a week for six weeks. Radiological and MRI examination indicated improvement in the two MS patients and stabilization in the patient with obstructive pulmonary disease following merely five treatments.

Campioli GZ.
CASE REPORT. NO ABSTRACT ON PUBMED

Belotti M.
Four keratoconus patients, ranging in age from 24 to 62, and at various stages of the disease, were treated with the combined therapy of low frequency whole body ion cyclotron resonance and magnetic "applicators" applied locally to the temporal area. Following careful examination of the corneal profile using video image acquisition, treatments were given twice a week, for a total of 15 treatments. Following this regimen there were evident morphological changes in several layers of the corneas for all the patients, as well as increased transparency. Despite the limited number of patients in this preliminary study, the positive results suggest a larger follow up study of the effects of ICR treatment for keratoconus.

D'Andrea P, Maurizio L.
The intent in this research was to verify the effects of the application of low frequency magnetic fields to cases of macular diabetic edema. We treated six patients afflicted by non-proliferating diabetic retinopathy with macular oedema. Quantitative clinical appraisals of the retinal thickness were obtained for the Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT I). None of the cases affected by non-cystoid macular oedema (non-CMO), or with a relevant ischemic component, evidenced by retinal fluorangiography, had further worsening in their clinical course during the treatment. Only one of the patients, who underwent a long treatment period with ICR demonstrated a significant reduction of the macular edema, with no need of other invasive therapeutic procedures (intravitreous injection of triamcinolone and/or laser therapy).